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Background: Magnetic nanoparticles are attracting much attention toward easyoperation and size controllable synthesis methods. We develop a method to synthesize MnO, Co,CoO, and Ni nanoparticles by thermal decomposition of metal 2,4-pentanedionates in the presenceof oleylamine (OLA), oleic acid (OA), and 1-octadecene (ODE). Methods: Similar experimental conditions are used to prepare nanoparticles except for the metalstarting materials (manganese 2,4-pentanedionate, nickel 2,4-pentanedionate, and cobalt 2,4-pentanedionate), leading to different products. For the manganese 2,4-pentanedionate startingmaterial, MnO nanoparticles are always obtained as the reaction is controlled with differenttemperatures, precursor concentrations, ligand ratios, and reaction time. For the cobalt 2,4-pentanedionate starting material, only three experimental conditions can produce pure phase CoOand Co nanoparticles. For the nickel 2,4-pentanedionate starting material, only three experimentalconditions lead to the production of pure phase Ni nanoparticles. Results: The nanoparticle sizes increase with the increase of reaction temperatures. It is observedthat the reaction time affects nanoparticle growth. The nanoparticles are studied by XRD, TEM,and magnetic measurements. Conclusion: This work presents a facile method to prepare nanoparticles with different sizes,which provides a fundamental understanding of nanoparticle growth in solution.